Completely off topic, but the chapter begins with a quote by Stephen Jay Gould, who says one of my favorite quotes, "I am, somehow, less interested in the weight and convolution of Einstein's brain than in the near certainty that people of equal talent have lived and died in cotton fields and sweatshops."
This chapters details the four different types of environmentalisms: ecoimperialists, ecodependents, ecoresisters, and ecoentrepreneurs. Each have their own agenda, political and economic powers, relationship to the state, and popularity amongst the people. More specifically, the author discusses how environmentalism of the rich (Global North) is different from the environmentalism of the poor (Global South).
We begin with the ecoimperialist organizations. These organizations are international and provide funding to the ecodependents (which we will get to in a moment). Their main goals are biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. However, these goals may not align with the local people, and as such, the locals may have a negative viewpoint about ecoimperialists. Additionally, ecoimperialists tend to use their funding to do what they please, which may seem like they are "forcing their will". Examples of these organizations include the Nature Conservancy and the World Conservation Society.
The second types of organizations are the ecodependents, which are linked to the ecoimperialists. Ecodependents are national-level organizations that depend on the funding of international groups, as such, they must align their goals with the ecoimperialists, which are biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Because the ecodependents heavily reply on and report to the ecoimperialists, the locals have gone so far as to call them the "nonprofit mafia". While the locals might view them negatively, ecodependents have created, organized, and accomplished remarkable things, such as Ecuador's first debt-for-nature swap.
The third type of environmentalist are the ecoresisters. Ecoresisters may be organizations or they could be a handful of individuals with a cause. Ecoresisters tend to not get foreign funding, but if they do it is for their cause, not the cause of the foreign funder. Additionally, while ecoimperialists and -dependents tend to work on a more international and national scale, most ecoresisters work on a regional and local scale, but sometimes on the national scale, as well. Ecoresistors also tend to work on processes or intangible sources of influence. Unlike the ecoimperialists and ecodependents that create parks and policies, ecoresisters teach the locals how to identify contaminates or try to grab media attention to a cause. Locals have mixed feelings about ecoresisters because on one hand, they promote and support the locals, on the other hand they are in a constant fight against development. Economic development increases wages, which in turn allow individuals to eat and provide for needs. Accomplishments include the lawsuit against Chevron/Texaco and delaying pipelines from being built.
The final type of environmentalist organization are the ecoentrepreneurs. Ecoentrepreneurs are funded locally and interact with the locals much more regularly than the other three type of environmentalists, as such they are more favored by the locals. These organizations are more anthropocentric, rather than biocentric, and as such, turn human issues into a business. For example, Fondo para la Proteccion del Agua (FONAG) is an organization whose goal is to protect the watershed, this in turns protects the locals' drinking water.